Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, and interpretation of data. More recently, logic has been studied in cognitive science, which draws on computer science, linguistics, philosophy and psychology, among other disciplines.įor a topical guide, see Outline of statistics. Historically, logic has been studied in philosophy (since ancient times) and mathematics (since the mid-19th century). It has traditionally included the classification of arguments the systematic exposition of the logical forms the validity and soundness of deductive reasoning the strength of inductive reasoning the study of formal proofs and inference (including paradoxes and fallacies) and the study of syntax and semantics. More broadly, logic is the analysis and appraisal of arguments. the relations that lead to the acceptance of one proposition (the conclusion) on the basis of a set of other propositions ( premises). Logic (from Greek: λογική, logikḗ, 'possessed of reason, intellectual, dialectical, argumentative') is the systematic study of valid rules of inference, i.e. įor a topical guide, see Outline of logic. Specialized scientific disciplines that exist in multiple categories may include parts of other scientific disciplines but often possess their own terminologies and expertises. Natural, social, and formal science make up the fundamental sciences, which form the basis of interdisciplinarity - and applied sciences such as engineering and medicine. This verifiability may well vary even within a scientific discipline. Scientific knowledge must be based on observable phenomena and must be capable of being verified by other researchers working under the same conditions. Social sciences: the study of human behavior in its social and cultural aspects.Natural science can be divided into two main branches: physical science and life science (or biology). Natural sciences: the study of natural phenomena (including cosmological, geological, physical, chemical, and biological factors of the universe).Formal sciences: the study of formal systems, such as those under the branches of logic and mathematics, which use an a priori, as opposed to empirical, methodology.The branches of science, also referred to as sciences, scientific fields or scientific disciplines, are commonly divided into three major groups:
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